What Are Balance Disorders?

A balance disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting, or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning, or floating. If you are walking, you might suddenly feel as if you are tipping over. Balance disorders can be caused by certain health conditions, medications, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain. It can profoundly impact daily activities and cause psychological and emotional hardship.

Your sense of balance depends on a series of signals to the brain from several organs and structures in the body, which together are known as the vestibular system. When you move, the vestibular system detects mechanical forces, including gravity, that stimulate certain organs. These organs work with other sensory systems in your body to control the position of your body at rest or in motion. This helps you maintain stable posture and keep your balance when you’re walking or running. It also helps you keep a stable visual focus on objects when your body changes position. When the signals from any of these sensory systems malfunction, you can have problems with your sense of balance.

If you have a balance disorder, you may walk unsteadily, or stagger or fall when you try to stand up. You might experience other symptoms such as dizziness or vertigo, lightheadedness, blurred vision and disorientation. Other symptoms may be nausea, diarrhea, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and anxiety, or panic. Balance disorder causes can be medications, ear infections, a head injury, or anything else that affects the inner ear or brain. Low blood pressure can lead to dizziness when you stand up too quickly. The risk of having balance problems increases as you get older.

Balance disorder test and diagnoses comprise hearing examinations, blood tests, an electronystagmogram or imaging studies of your head and brain. Another test called posturography is also used at times.Balance disorder treatment may include different medications, simple exercises like Epley maneuver, diet changes and vestibular rehabilitation.

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