Understanding Visual Acuity

Visual Acuity is the degree or clarity of vision. It is dependent on optical and neural factors, like the sharpness of the retinal focus within the eye, the health and functioning of the retina, and the sensitivity of the interpretative power of the brain. While static visual acuity for identifying a stationary target is one of the basic visual functions, there are many other important visual functions. In particular, the visual function designed to identify moving targets has been examined by a considerable number of researchers.

Visual acuity is a measure of the spatial resolution of the visual processing system. Visual acuity depends upon how accurately light is focused on the retina, the integrity of the eye's neural elements, and the interpretative faculty of the brain. Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is a relatively independent parameter for evaluating the ability to distinguish details of a moving target. The present study has been designed to discuss the extent to which age-related cataract impacts DVA in elderly individuals and to determine whether it could be restored after bilateral phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation surgery.

A common reason of low visual acuity is refractive errors. To determine whether a person has low visual acuity or not certain Dynamic Visual Acuity Test are done and related remedial measures such as Dynamic Visual Acuity Exercises are prescribed by the doctor. The impact of age-related cataract on DVA is found to be more severe than its effects on static visual acuity. After cataract surgery, not only static vision of the patients was restored markedly, but also the dynamic vision. DVA could be an important adjunct to the current evaluation system of functional vision, thereby meriting additional attention in clinical assessment.
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VNG Testing and Issue of Vertigo

Videonystagmography or VNG Testing is a chain of tests used to find out the causes of a patient's dizziness or balance disorders. If dizziness is not caused by the vestibular portion of the inner ear, it might be caused by the brain, by medical disorders such as low blood pressure, or by psychological problems such as anxiety. VNG testing is used to determine whether or not dizziness may be due to inner ear disease.  VNG equipment has a complete diagnostic system for recording, analyzing and reporting involuntary eye movements using video imaging technology. Hi-tech video goggles with infrared cameras are worn while you look or lie in different positions. This allows the examiner to see how the eyes move which is very helpful in assessing balance system health.

Vertigo exercises treatment and other exercises for vertigo help to soothe and ease out the problems of vertigo. Neuro Equilibrium Diagnostic system is an advanced diagnostic centre that runs with an aim to develop testing systems to appraise the functional integrity of the balance system in patients suffering from vertigo and imbalance. It is our endeavor to carry out breakthrough innovations in this field while keeping the tests doctor friendly. We take an integrated and holistic approach to vertigo diagnosis rather than looking at it as individual diagnostic equipment. The equipment, test protocols and various vertigo treatment exercises have been developed in collaboration with the top Neurotologists of India by neuro equllibrium diagnostic centre.

Alongside this, balance disorder causes are understood and balance disorder treatment is conducted as well. You can also get provisions for doctor and technician training, diagnosis assistance etc. are also provided.
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Treating Light Headedness/Dizziness

When certain conditions in the environment impair the blood flow to the brain when a person is standing up, the problem of Light-headedness comes up. While some people understandably find it difficult to describe their dizziness, a description of a person’s dizziness and the circumstances in which they occur may be very helpful in reaching a diagnosis.

Dizziness Treatment depends on the type of dizziness you are experiencing. In general, treatment involves finding the underlying cause of the dizziness, whether a disease, a behavior or an environmental factor. People with dizziness caused by a physical injury almost always recover. If there is no physical cause, the problem is of emotional or mental health origin. In that case treatment may involve psychological therapy. If the dizziness is caused by medication, your doctor may reduce the amount you take or change you to another medicine. For vertigo your doctor may prescribe bed rest or medications that suppress the activity of the inner ear such as antihistamines or sedatives.

Disequilibrium or imbalance can be treated with balance therapy, which uses sophisticated devices to make a person relearn their sense of balance, but psychological therapy may also be necessary. Stress management and relaxation therapy may help. Treatment for severe light-headedness may involve decreasing the amount of blood pooling in the legs. This may be done through raising the legs as often as possible, wearing compression stockings, or medications to improve the functioning of the heart or reduce body fluid volume. Surgery may be necessary for more severe cases such as those caused by Meniere's disease.
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Visual Acuity Exercises

Visual Acuity is the degree or clarity of vision. It is dependent on optical and neural factors, like the sharpness of the retinal focus within the eye, the health and functioning of the retina, and the sensitivity of the interpretative power of the brain. A common reason of low visual acuity is refractive errors. To determine whether a person has low visual acuity or not certain dynamic visual acuity tests are done and related remedial measures are prescribed by the doctor.

However, there are many measures that one can take to enhance their visual acuity. This can be easily done with the help of certain dynamic visual acuity exercises.  As we know, dynamic visual acuity enables you to see objects clearly when they are moving quickly. To improve this, you can read letters of different sizes from a rotating surface and change the speed accordingly. Focus flexibility is the ability to change focus from a faraway object to a near one, or vice versa. People who have reached their 40s start losing the ability of eye accommodation and are eventually prescribed glasses. Although, you cannot undo this, but practicing focus flexibility by concentrating on switching focus between near and distant objects can help to some extent.

The ability of peripheral awareness involves perceiving what is going on at either side without turning the head. To improve this aspect of your vision, try looking at a busy scene with your head turned to one side. Always remember to practice from the left and from the right. With the help of these exercises and more one can certainly enhance the visual acuity which will not only aid in better vision all together but also promote overall eye health.
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What Are Balance Disorders?

A balance disorder is a condition that makes you feel unsteady or dizzy. If you are standing, sitting, or lying down, you might feel as if you are moving, spinning, or floating. If you are walking, you might suddenly feel as if you are tipping over. Balance disorders can be caused by certain health conditions, medications, or a problem in the inner ear or the brain. It can profoundly impact daily activities and cause psychological and emotional hardship.

Your sense of balance depends on a series of signals to the brain from several organs and structures in the body, which together are known as the vestibular system. When you move, the vestibular system detects mechanical forces, including gravity, that stimulate certain organs. These organs work with other sensory systems in your body to control the position of your body at rest or in motion. This helps you maintain stable posture and keep your balance when you’re walking or running. It also helps you keep a stable visual focus on objects when your body changes position. When the signals from any of these sensory systems malfunction, you can have problems with your sense of balance.

If you have a balance disorder, you may walk unsteadily, or stagger or fall when you try to stand up. You might experience other symptoms such as dizziness or vertigo, lightheadedness, blurred vision and disorientation. Other symptoms may be nausea, diarrhea, changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and anxiety, or panic. Balance disorder causes can be medications, ear infections, a head injury, or anything else that affects the inner ear or brain. Low blood pressure can lead to dizziness when you stand up too quickly. The risk of having balance problems increases as you get older.

Balance disorder test and diagnoses comprise hearing examinations, blood tests, an electronystagmogram or imaging studies of your head and brain. Another test called posturography is also used at times.

Balance disorder treatment may include different medications, simple exercises like Epley maneuver, diet changes and vestibular rehabilitation.
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Craniocorpography- An Overview

Vertigo being a very common disease is also a particularly confusing one because of the words used by the patient to describe it. It is also confusing because of the battery of tests that has to be used to establish its cause and it is all the more confusing because this one symptom can be due to a wide range of different underlying pathologies.

The clinical tests like Electronystagmography and Cranio corpography test are very helpful in the diagnosis of vertigo.  Electronystagmography provides a permanent recording of a nystagmus and it can detect nystagmus which is not readily visible on examination otherwise. It helps to differentiate between the peripheral or central origin of vertigo and to support diagnosis and to calculate canal paresis.

Cranio-corpography is cheap and easily performed the outpatient procedure when compared to the more expensive computerized dynamic posturography which is unimaginable for some patients due to the costs associated with it. Cranio-corpography is highly efficient in detecting defects in the vestibule-spinal pathway and peripheral vestibular disorder if properly performed.

CranioCorpoGaphy or CCG is a medical analysis and measurement procedure. It was developed in 1968 by German neurootologist Claus-Frenz Claussen. Cranio corpography tests give a photographic representation of the patient's movement patterns as he performs the standing and stepping tests known as the Unterberger and Romberg’s test respectively.

Sensations of rotation or dizziness and nausea are the subjective symptoms characteristic of vertiginous syndromes; nystagmus and oscillations of the head and body are the objective signs. Craniocorpography is a method for recording and measuring these oscillations rapidly and inexpensively it provides easier diagnosis, follow-up, and measurement of therapeutic effectiveness.
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